A Review on Revolutionizing Modern Agriculture: The Impact of IoT Technologies
R. P. Srivastava *
Shri Mahavir Thakur School of Agriculture Sciences, Sandip University, Sijoul, Madhubani (Bihar), India.
Manikant Kumar
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP), India.
Meraz Alam
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP), India.
Vipin Chandra Mishra
ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Kusmaur Mau Nath Bhanjan (UP), India.
Anuj Kumar
Faculty of Agriculture Science, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur (M.P.), India.
Sachindra Kumar Singh
Shri Mahavir Thakur School of Agriculture Sciences, Sandip University, Sijoul, Madhubani (Bihar), India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The rapid integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into agriculture is transforming traditional farming into a smart, data-driven, and sustainable system. IoT connects sensors, actuators, and communication networks to monitor real-time environmental, soil, and crop parameters, enabling precision farming, automated irrigation, and early disease detection. Combined with artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cloud computing, IoT enhances decision-making, optimizes resource use, improves crop productivity, and reduces labor dependency. Real-world applications, including smart greenhouses, the Internet of Underground Things (IoUT), and connected farm networks, demonstrate measurable benefits such as increased yields, water-use efficiency, and supply chain optimization. In India, government initiatives like the Digital Agriculture Mission and PMKSY facilitate IoT adoption, promoting sustainable and climate-resilient farming. Despite challenges of cost, connectivity, and technical expertise, IoT represents a pivotal tool for addressing global food security, environmental sustainability, and efficient farm management.
Keywords: IoT, smart agriculture, precision farming, sustainability, real-time monitoring, AI in agriculture, smart irrigation, IoUT, machine learning in farming.